A few technologies are reserved for creating events during the game. These should not be traded either. Russia and England have the technological advantage, so other tribes should only expect to receive techs as a gift or through research.
A summary of terrain features appears below. Note that the asterisk next to production numbers indicates that they may be improved by irrigation or mining. Grasslands receive a TWO food bonus when irrigated.
TERRAIN TYPE DEFENCE MOVE COST FOOD SHIELDS TRADE
Grassland 100% 1 2* 1 0
Plains 100% 1 2* 1 0
Cotton 100% 1 2* 2 3
Wheat 100% 1 4* 1 1
Steppe 100% 1 1* 0 0
Pasture 100% 1 1* 1 4
Spring 100% 1 3* 0 0
Plateau 100% 1 1* 1* 0
Poppies 100% 1 1* 1* 4
Groves 100% 1 3* 1* 1
Hills 200% 2 1* 0* 0
Coal 200% 2 1* 3* 1
Goats 200% 2 3* 0* 2
Mountains 300% 4 0 1* 0
Gold 300% 4 0 1* 5
Iron 300% 4 0 4* 2
Desert 100% 2 0* 0* 0
Oasis 100% 2 3* 1* 0
Oil 100% 2 0* 4* 0
Dunes 150% 3 0 0* 0
Quicksand 50% 4 0 0* 0
Oasis 150% 3 3 0* 0
Forest 150% 2 1 2 0
Silk 150% 2 1 2 3
Game 150% 2 3 2 0
Swamp 150% 2 1 0 0
Spice 150% 2 2 0 4
Salt 150% 2 1 2 2
Britain's defensive advantage makes draws easier but victories harder. In actual history they took over Cyprus, Socotra and the Sind (the arid region in north-west India with a few Afghani cities), while extending influence to the coastal regions of Arabia.
As for the other nations, I make no promises that they will prosper. It will be difficult to take many cities, never mind not lose any. What saved these nations until World War One was Europe's desire that no one nation take exclusive control of the region.
The cities which are x3 objectives are named in CAPITALS.